Overview

An Electrocardiogram (ECG or EKG) is a quick, non-invasive test that records the electrical activity of the heart. It provides valuable information about heart rhythm, rate, and electrical conduction, helping diagnose various heart conditions such as arrhythmias, heart attacks, and heart enlargement.

Why is ECG Done?

An ECG is recommended for individuals who:

  • Experience chest pain, shortness of breath, dizziness, or palpitations.
  • Have a history of heart disease, high blood pressure, or diabetes.
  • Are undergoing preoperative evaluation before surgery.
  • Need routine monitoring for heart conditions or medication effects.

Types of ECG Tests

  • Resting ECG: Conducted while the patient is lying down, assessing heart activity in a relaxed state.
  • Exercise (Stress) ECG: Performed while walking on a treadmill or cycling, evaluating how the heart responds to exertion.
  • HoltHolter Monitorevice worn for 24-48 hours to record continuous heart activity during daily activities.
  • Event Recorder: Similar to a Holter monitor but used for longer periods, allowing the patient to activate recording when experiencing symptoms.

Procedure

An ECG is a simple and painless procedure:

  1. Electrodes (sticky patches with sensors) are placed on the chest, arms, and legs.
  2. The machine records electrical impulses from the heart.
  3. The test takes a minute or two, and results are analyzed immediately by a doctor.

Interpreting ECG Results

An ECG can detect various heart abnormalities, such as:

  • Arrhythmias (Irregular Heartbeats): Including atrial fibrillation, bradycardia, or tachycardia.
  • Heart Attack (Past or Current): Signs of heart muscle damage or reduced blood supply.
  • Structural Heart Issues: Indications of an enlarged heart or thickened heart walls.
  • Electrolyte Imbalances: Abnormal potassium or calcium levels affecting heart function.

What Happens After an ECG?

  • Normal ECG: No immediate concerns, but further tests may be done if symptoms persist.
  • Abnormal ECG: Additional tests like echocardiography, stress testing, or blood tests may be recommended for a more detailed evaluation.

Dr. Fady Turquieh utilizes the resting ECG as a basic diagnostic tool as part of the more complete cardiac evaluation. While it is an old and imprecise test, it can sometimes give certain clues to underlying disease that requires further evaluation.